Transforming tomorrow – the role of paper pulp packaging in a thriving circular economy
Given that governments and brands alike are now taking sustainability seriously, it’s no surprise that paper pulp packaging is under a bright spotlight.
Paper pulp packaging – also known as MPP, molded paper pulp packaging – is a material made primarily from recycled paper and newsprint. It is designed through a process that involves hydrating fibers to a pulp, molding them into specific shapes, and then drying them.
The process of producing the packaging material itself embraces the principles of a circular economy, i.e. designing out waste, keeping materials in use, and regenerating natural systems. It uses recycled materials, and less water and energy as compared to plastic packaging production. It also generates fewer emissions and can be recycled or composted after use, this creating a closed-loop cycle.
What is a circular economy?
According to the Ellen McArthur Foundation, “the circular economy is a system where materials never become waste and nature is regenerated. In a circular economy, products and materials are kept in circulation through processes like maintenance, reuse, refurbishment, remanufacture, recycling, and composting.”
This is in contrast to the traditional ‘take-make-waste’ model or a linear economy in which resources are extracted to make products that eventually end up as waste.
The advantages of using paper pulp packaging in a circular economy
1. Renewable and sustainable
Paper is derived from wood, which is a renewable resource. A number of manufacturers now also ensure sustainable forestry practices. For example, the U.S. paper industry promotes sustainable forestry and depends on sustainable forest growth to ensure reliable supply of wood fiber.
Certifications such as the Forest Stewardship Council or FSC certification play a crucial role in creating and enforcing these sustainable practices. This particular certification confirms that the forest is being managed in a way that:
- Preserves biological diversity
- Benefits the lives of local people and workers
- Ensures sustainable economic viability
2. High recycling rates
Paper is a highly recyclable material – its fibers can be recycled up to 7 times. It is also one of the most recycled materials in the world. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, approximately 46 million tons of paper and paperboard were recycled in 2018 for a recycling rate of 68.2%, which was the highest compared to other materials in municipal solid waste. The use of paper pulp packaging can thus significantly bring down the amount of waste that goes to the landfill.
3. Compostable and biodegradable
Unlike regular plastic packaging, paper pulp is biodegradable. When not recycled, it decomposes naturally within just two to six weeks, with minimal impact on the environment.
4. Energy-efficient
The large part of the paper and pulp industry uses waste biomass (e.g. bark and wood residue) to generate energy to power operations. This reduces its reliance on fossil fuels and has the potential to bring down harmful emissions.
Factors promoting circularity in paper packaging
Increasing popularity of eco-design principles
Packaging companies are increasingly prioritizing recyclability and minimizing waste and working with eco-design principles. These include, among others:
- Reducing the weight and volume of packaging, enabling efficiency and space optimization in storage and transport
- Focusing on multifunctional designs that prioritize durability.
- Use of innovative technologies that consume less energy and resources for design and manufacturing.
Advanced recycling technologies
Companies are adopting automated, technology-based recycling solutions such as depolymerization, chemical treatment, dissolution recycling and more to produce high-quality secondary materials and bring down dependency on the use of raw materials.
Paper pulp packaging and global goals
Paper pulp packaging aligns with global sustainability goals, including the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It supports responsible consumption and production by minimizing waste, and climate action by reducing greenhouse gas emissions through its low-carbon manufacturing processes.
The way forward
Governments, industries, and customers must come together to promote the use of paper pulp packaging in line with circular economy principles. This would include:
- Policies mandating sustainable forestry, recycling, and technology innovation, alongside strong incentives for businesses to develop sustainable packaging solutions
- Consumer awareness and education around proper recycling practices and the benefits of paper pulp packaging.
- Investing in technology to improve manufacturing, recycling, and composting processes.
Conclusion
Paper pulp packaging is the epitome of circular economy principles in practice. It helps to reduce waste, conserve resources, and promote the use of renewable materials, resulting in a more sustainable future. As industries continue to innovate and adapt, the adoption of paper pulp packaging could pave the way for a more resilient and environmentally conscious global economy.
Read about how HiLe helped an IT multinational move to 100% sustainable packaging.